Table of Contents
What is an example of a paired t test?
A paired t-test is used when we are interested in the difference between two variables for the same subject. Often the two variables are separated by time. For example, in the Dixon and Massey data set we have cholesterol levels in 1952 and cholesterol levels in 1962 for each subject.
What is the difference between one sample t-test and paired t-test?
As we saw above, a 1-sample t-test compares one sample mean to a null hypothesis value. A paired t-test simply calculates the difference between paired observations (e.g., before and after) and then performs a 1-sample t-test on the differences.
What does the P value of 0.01 mean?
P < 0.01 ** P < 0.001. Most authors refer to statistically significant as P < 0.05 and statistically highly significant as P < 0.001 (less than one in a thousand chance of being wrong).
How do you interpret paired t-test results in SPSS?
SPSS reports the mean and standard deviation of the difference scores for each pair of variables. The mean is the difference between the sample means. It should be close to zero if the populations means are equal. The mean difference between exams 1 and 2 is not statistically significant at α = 0.05.
What does P value of 0.07 mean?
at the margin of statistical significance (p<0.07) close to being statistically significant (p=0.055)
Is P value of 0.45 Significant?
A p-value less than 0.05 (typically ≤ 0.05) is statistically significant. A p-value higher than 0.05 (> 0.05) is not statistically significant and indicates strong evidence for the null hypothesis. This means we retain the null hypothesis and reject the alternative hypothesis.
How do you report the results of a paired t-test?
You will want to include three main things about the Paired Samples T-Test when communicating results to others.
- Test type and use. You want to tell your reader what type of analysis you conducted.
- Significant differences between conditions.
- Report your results in words that people can understand.
What is the null hypothesis for a paired t-test?
The null hypothesis is that the mean difference between paired observations is zero. When the mean difference is zero, the means of the two groups must also be equal. Because of the paired design of the data, the null hypothesis of a paired t–test is usually expressed in terms of the mean difference.
How do I report t test results?
The basic format for reporting the result of a t-test is the same in each case (the color red means you substitute in the appropriate value from your study): t(degress of freedom) = the t statistic, p = p value. It’s the context you provide when reporting the result that tells the reader which type of t-test was used.
What is the difference between a paired t-test and a 2 sample t-test?
Two-sample t-test is used when the data of two samples are statistically independent, while the paired t-test is used when data is in the form of matched pairs. To use the two-sample t-test, we need to assume that the data from both samples are normally distributed and they have the same variances.
What does P value of 0.5 mean?
Mathematical probabilities like p-values range from 0 (no chance) to 1 (absolute certainty). So 0.5 means a 50 per cent chance and 0.05 means a 5 per cent chance. In most sciences, results yielding a p-value of . 05 are considered on the borderline of statistical significance. If the results yield a p-value of .
What are the assumptions of paired t test?
What are the assumptions of a paired t-test? The dependent variable is measured on an incremental level, such as ratios or intervals. The independent variables must consist of two related groups or matched pairs.
What does p value 0.0001 mean?
Also very low p-values like p<0.0001 will be rarely encountered, because it would mean that the trial was overpowered and should have had a smaller sample size. It would seem appropriate, therefore, to require investigators to explain such results and to consider rejecting the research involved.
What does P value of 0.8 mean?
It is highly statistically significant. This result is therefore not statistically significant; the difference of 0.8 could easily have arisen by natural variation between samples. 7.9 0.05 The result is almost statistically significant (p-value is 0.05).
What is the meaning of T in T test?
the calculated difference represented
How do I report independent t test results in SPSS?
To run an Independent Samples t Test in SPSS, click Analyze > Compare Means > Independent-Samples T Test. The Independent-Samples T Test window opens where you will specify the variables to be used in the analysis.
What does a paired t test show?
The Paired Samples t Test compares the means of two measurements taken from the same individual, object, or related units. These “paired” measurements can represent things like: A measurement taken at two different times (e.g., pre-test and post-test score with an intervention administered between the two time points)
Where do we use t test and Z test?
Generally, z-tests are used when we have large sample sizes (n > 30), whereas t-tests are most helpful with a smaller sample size (n < 30). Both methods assume a normal distribution of the data, but the z-tests are most useful when the standard deviation is known.