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What is anti topoisomerase positive?
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies (ATA) are autoantibodies directed against topoisomerase and found in several diseases, most importantly scleroderma. Diseases with ATA are autoimmune disease because they react with self-proteins. They are also referred to as anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibody (anti-topo I).
What are scleroderma antibodies?
Anticentromere antibody, also known as ACA, is present in people with limited scleroderma (and the test is positive in 20% of people with scleroderma). People with limited scleroderma have a low frequency of lung, heart, and renal disease.
Can you get a false positive for scleroderma?
In systemic sclerosis, approximately 95% of patients have sclerodactyly, 95% have a positive ANA by immunofluorescence and 90% have Raynaud’s phenomenon, an effective triad of diagnostic criteria even despite the possibility of false positives during ANA multiplex testing.
What causes scleroderma?
Scleroderma results from an overproduction and accumulation of collagen in body tissues. Collagen is a fibrous type of protein that makes up your body’s connective tissues, including your skin. Doctors don’t know exactly what causes this process to begin, but the body’s immune system appears to play a role.
What were your first signs of scleroderma?
Early symptoms may include swelling and itchiness. Affected skin can become lighter or darker in color and may look shiny because of the tightness. Some people also experience small red spots, called telangiectasia, on their hands and face.
What test confirms scleroderma?
Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) to see if there are changes in the heart muscle tissue due to scleroderma. An EKG/ECG records the electrical activity of the heart, shows abnormal rhythms and detects any damage.
What do topoisomerase inhibitors do?
Topoisomerase inhibitors block the ligation step of the cell cycle, which generates DNA single- and double-strand breaks, leading to apoptotic cell death. Topoisomerase I inhibitors include irinotecan, topotecan, and camptothecin, and topoisomerase II inhibitors include etoposide, doxorubicin, and epirubicin.
What does topoisomerase II do?
Key Points. Type II topoisomerases change DNA topology by generating transient DNA double strand breaks and are essential for all eukaryotic cells. Mammalian cells have two topoisomerase II (TOP2) isoforms, TOP2α and TOP2β. TOP2α is essential for all cells, and is essential for separating replicated chromosomes.
What tests confirm scleroderma?
How is scleroderma diagnosed?
- Blood tests: Elevated levels of immune factors, known as antinuclear antibodies, are found in 95% of patients with scleroderma.
- Pulmonary function tests: These tests are done to measure how well the lungs are functioning.