Table of Contents
What is eukaryotic transcriptional regulation?
Transcriptional control in eukaryotes can be accomplished at several levels. Chromatin structure can control transcription. The formation of so‐called hypersensitive sites (sites where the DNA is not bound into nucleosomes) allows protein factors and RNA polymerase to access the DNA.
What are the 5 levels of eukaryotic gene regulation?
Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Post-translational control refers to the: regulation of gene expression after transcription.
What are the four levels of eukaryotic gene regulation?
Gene expression in prokaryotes is regulated only at the transcriptional level, whereas in eukaryotic cells, gene expression is regulated at the epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels.
What is required of the eukaryotic transcription regulation?
Like prokaryotic cells, the transcription of genes in eukaryotes requires the action of an RNA polymerase to bind to a DNA sequence upstream of a gene in order to initiate transcription.
What are the different methods of eukaryotic gene regulation?
Splicing, capping, and addition of a poly-A tail to an RNA molecule can be regulated, and so can exit from the nucleus. Different mRNAs may be made from the same pre-mRNA by alternative splicing.
What are the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation?
These mechanisms can be generally grouped into three main areas: Control over polymerase access to the gene. This is perhaps the broadest of the three control mechanisms. This includes the functions of histone remodeling enzymes, transcription factors, enhancers and repressors, and many other complexes.
What are the examples of eukaryotic gene regulation?
An example is the TATA box, so named because it has a core sequence of TATAAA. This is a regulatory element that is part of the promoter of most eukaryotic genes. A number of regulatory proteins bind to the TATA box, forming a multi-protein complex.
What are the main steps of gene regulation in eukaryotic cells in the correct order?
Stages of eukaryotic gene expression (any of which can be potentially regulated).
- Chromatin structure. Chromatin may be tightly compacted or loose and open.
- Transcription.
- Processing and export.
- mRNA stability.
- Translation.
- Protein processing.
Why is transcriptional regulation important?
Transcriptional regulation is a critical biological process that allows the cell or an organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extra-cellular signals, to define cell identity during development, to maintain it throughout its lifetime, and to coordinate cellular activity.
What are the two types of transcriptional regulators?
There are two mechanistic classes of transcription factors:
- General transcription factors are involved in the formation of a preinitiation complex.
- Upstream transcription factors are proteins that bind somewhere upstream of the initiation site to stimulate or repress transcription.
Why is gene regulation important in eukaryotes?
Gene regulation is essential for viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes as it increases the versatility and adaptability of an organism by allowing the cell to express protein when needed.
What is the principle of transcriptional regulation?
In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity.