What is Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion?

What is Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion?

Fetoscopic endotracheal occlusion (FETO) is an experimental procedure to reversibly block the trachea of the fetus with a latex balloon. This procedure is used for fetuses diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and impaired lung development.

How is Fetoscopic surgery performed?

The fetoscopic repair is performed by inserting 2-millimeter instruments through tiny ports. The fetoscopic procedure takes about 2.5 hours. General anesthetic is first given to the mother. That anesthetic relaxes the uterus and the fetus before the fetus receives intramuscular pain medication.

Why is congenital diaphragmatic hernia on left?

A left-sided CDH allows for the possibility of the stomach, intestines, and sometimes the liver to move (herniate) up into the baby’s chest. The other 17% of babies with CDH have a defect on the right side of the diaphragm. A right-sided CDH almost always allows the liver to move into the chest.

When is FETO performed?

FETO is performed between 26 and 28 weeks of gestation. During the procedure, the mother and fetus are sedated, and the mother is given medication to help prevent labor. A tiny incision is made in the mother’s abdomen and uterus.

Why is Fetoscopy done?

The images taken during a fetoscopy are used to diagnose neural tube defects such as spina bifida, an opening of the membranes around the spinal cord. Using the working channel of a fetoscope, physicians can also use endoscopic fetoscopy to treat the fetal abnormalities that they diagnose.

What is FETO care?

Feto Care is a tocolytic agent, prescribed for uncomplicated premature labour.

What is Fetoscopic laser ablation?

Using a fetoscope, we locate the abnormal blood vessel connections on the placenta between the babies and then seal them using laser energy. The laser ablation stops the abnormal fluid exchange between the twins, hopefully halting or reversing the disease.

What is CDH life expectancy?

About 85% of these defects occur on the left side. CDH can also affect the right side of the diaphragm and, in rare situations, both sides. Overall survival of CDH babies in the United States is approximately 65 70%. At the University of Michigan, however, survival rate is over 80%.

Is congenital diaphragmatic hernia curable?

There is a wide range of severity and outcomes for CDH. In the best cases, some infants do very well with treatment after birth, surgery and care in an intensive care nursery. In the most severe cases, some will not survive no matter how hard we try.

What is fetoscopy What does this test look for how do they do this test when do they do this test?

Fetoscopy: Fetoscopy allows a doctor to see the fetus through a thin, flexible instrument called a fetoscope. Fetoscopy can detect some diseases or defects that aren’t found by other tests, such as amniocentesis, ultrasound, or chorionic villus sampling.

What does FETO mean in medical terms?

Feto-Fetal Transfusion Syndrome.

What is fetal endoluminal tracheal occlusion?

Methods Fetal endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) is performed by percutaneous sono-endoscopic insertion of a balloon developed for interventional radiology. Reversal of the occlusion to induce lung maturation can be performed by fetoscopy, transabdominal puncture, tracheoscopy, or by postnatal removal if all else fails.

What is the pathophysiology of preterm tracheal occlusion?

Prenatal tracheal occlusion obstructs the normal egress of lung fluid during pulmonary development leading to increased lung tissue stretch, increased cell proliferation, and accelerated lung growth. European colleagues have developed foregut endoscopy and techniques to position and remove endoluminal tracheal balloons in utero.

Does fetal tracheal ligation prevent pulmonary hypoplasia associated with fetal nephrectomy?

Experimental fetal tracheal ligation prevents the pulmonary hypoplasia associated with fetal nephrectomy: possible application for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28:1433–1439. doi: 10.1016/0022-3468(93)90426-L.[PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

What happens when the trachea is blocked in a fetus?

Normally a fetus’s lungs produce fluid that escapes through the trachea (windpipe). Blocking the trachea prevents this fluid from escaping, which can increase pressure in the trachea. Research has shown that building up this tracheal pressure and fluid content can stimulate lung growth.